{"id":1036,"date":"2017-06-20T09:41:08","date_gmt":"2017-06-20T13:41:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/pathology\/?page_id=1036"},"modified":"2017-06-20T09:41:08","modified_gmt":"2017-06-20T13:41:08","slug":"laboratory-medicine-medical-students-mpat-7019-8","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/pathology\/laboratory-medicine-medical-students-mpat-7019-8\/","title":{"rendered":"Laboratory Medicine Medical Students | MPAT-7019-8"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Duration of Rotation:\u00a0 Four full time weeks (F)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Laboratory Medicine elective introduces the students to the main aspects of the discipline as a supplement of their pathology course and as aid during their clinical years.\u00a0 The student will be exposed to a variety of techniques and procedures during their rotation through the laboratories:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases<\/li>\n<li>Laboratory of Parasite Immunology and Pathology<\/li>\n<li>Laboratory of HLA and DNA<\/li>\n<li>Laboratory of Molecular Pathology<\/li>\n<li>ASEM Clinical Laboratory<\/li>\n<li>Clinical Laboratory of University Adult Hospital<\/li>\n<li>ASEM Blood Bank<\/li>\n<li>ASEM Transfusion Medicine Services<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prerequisite<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The student must have complete the second year of medicine.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>After completing the rotation, the medical student will be able to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Demonstrate an understanding and ability to apply the concepts of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of a laboratory test to a specific clinical situation; define negative and positive predictive value and explain how these values are influenced by the prevalence (prior probability) of disease in defined populations (Bayes theorem); apply these concepts in clinical situations; describe situations in which predictive values provide critical information for developing patient care screening, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic pathways\/algorithms.<\/li>\n<li>Describe how reference intervals are derived and use and the different types of reference intervals, including those derived from population distributions, from expert consensus recommendation, or from evidence-based determination of &#8220;threshold&#8221; values based on a test&#8217;s predictive value in a clinical algorithm; explain how reference intervals may be compartmentalized by age sex, race, clinical state (eg, pregnancy), or other factors explain why 5% of laboratory test results from healthy individuals might fall outside a reference range.<\/li>\n<li>Explain the concept of variability in repeated measurements, as well as variability within and between individuals; describe the contributors to analytical uncertainty (precision, accuracy, bias, coefficient of variation) and how the sources of variability relate to clinical interpretation of changes in test results.<\/li>\n<li>Discuss the long-reaching consequences of ordering unnecessary testing; consider whether routine daily monitoring tests constitute unnecessary testing; based on an understanding of reference intervals, explain why unnecessary testing may lead to higher health care costs and increased risk for the patient; similarly, discuss the consequences of failing to utilize noninvasive or minimally invasive diagnostic procedures before proceeding to invasive approaches.<\/li>\n<li>Explain the roles of preanalytical and postanalytical variables in affecting test results and thereby impacting patient care; identify common sources of preanalytical errors; describe the effects of blood-drawing technique on test results; compare and contrast the use of specimen tubes with various colored tops, as well as other specimen containers, and why they cannot be used interchangeably; explain the importance of proper and unique identifiers for patient specimens.<\/li>\n<li>Define &#8220;critical value&#8221; and &#8220;turnaround time&#8221;, and explain why critical values are directly reported to the health care provider for immediate action; compare and contrast uses of &#8220;stat&#8221; and &#8220;routine&#8221; test priorities.<\/li>\n<li>Describe the broad categories of situations that may result in test interference (eg, incomplete tube fill, hemolysis, lipemia, bilirubinemia, cross-reacting and interfering substances).<\/li>\n<li>Explain why one should expect differences in results between laboratories using different methodologies when evaluating tests.<\/li>\n<li>Demonstrate the ability to properly draw blood via venipuncture.<\/li>\n<li>Describe what &#8220;point-of-care&#8221; (POC) testing is, and discuss why values generated using POC methods may differ from values generated in the clinical laboratory; list the basic components of quality control that must be integrated into POC procedures.<\/li>\n<li>Compare and contrast &#8220;universally&#8221; recognized test panels as defined by the American Medical Association Current Procedural Terminology and test &#8220;panels&#8221; defined by individual practitioners; list the advantages and disadvantages of using test panels when placing patient orders.<\/li>\n<li>Explain the broad differences between Food and Drug Administration-approved tests and tests developed by individual laboratories; briefly outline the regulatory agencies and issues involved in physician-office laboratories, home testing, and provider-performed microscopy.<\/li>\n<li>Distinguish between testing appropriate to the clinical laboratory and testing appropriate in the research environment; explain how clinical laboratory tests undergo extensive external and internal validation according to strict criteria, prior to being made available for patient care.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Faculty in charge:\u00a0 Dr. Mar\u00eda I. Sant\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Duration of Rotation:\u00a0 Four full time weeks (F) &nbsp; The Laboratory Medicine elective introduces the students to the main aspects of the discipline as a supplement of their pathology course and as aid during their clinical years.\u00a0 The student will be exposed to a variety of techniques and procedures during their rotation through the laboratories:&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1036","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","description-off"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1036","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1036"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1036\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1036"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}