{"id":869,"date":"2016-03-09T13:57:14","date_gmt":"2016-03-09T13:57:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/?post_type=dt_team&#038;p=869"},"modified":"2026-01-27T09:36:29","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T13:36:29","slug":"dr-annabell-c-segarra","status":"publish","type":"dt_team","link":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/dt_team\/dr-annabell-c-segarra\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr. Annabell C. Segarra"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<div id=\"ultimate-heading-32969e7df7e68332\" class=\"uvc-heading ult-adjust-bottom-margin ultimate-heading-32969e7df7e68332 uvc-3439 accent-subtitle-color\" data-hspacer=\"no_spacer\"  data-halign=\"left\" style=\"text-align:left\"><div class=\"uvc-heading-spacer no_spacer\" style=\"top\"><\/div><div class=\"uvc-main-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-32969e7df7e68332 h2'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;mobile_landscape:34px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:40px;mobile_landscape:44px;\"}' ><h2 style=\"font-weight:bold;color:#0a0a0a;margin-bottom:10px;\">Dr. Annabell C. Segarra<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"uvc-sub-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-32969e7df7e68332 .uvc-sub-heading '  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:18px;mobile_landscape:20px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:34px;mobile_landscape:30px;\"}'  style=\"font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:30px;\"><\/p>\n<div id=\"ultimate-heading-87956205125d91b33\" class=\"uvc-heading ult-adjust-bottom-margin ultimate-heading-87956205125d91b33 uvc-1293 accent-subtitle-color\" data-hspacer=\"no_spacer\" data-halign=\"left\">\n<div class=\"uvc-sub-heading ult-responsive\" data-ultimate-target=\".uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-87956205125d91b33 .uvc-sub-heading \" data-responsive-json-new=\"{&quot;font-size&quot;:&quot;desktop:24px;mobile_landscape:20px;&quot;,&quot;line-height&quot;:&quot;desktop:34px;mobile_landscape:30px;&quot;}\">Professor<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row_content&#8221; bg_type=&#8221;bg_color&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;]<div class=\"ult-content-box-container \" >\t\t<div class=\"ult-content-box\" style=\"background-color:#545454;box-shadow: px px px px none;border-style:solid;border-width:5px;border-radius:5px;border-color:#545454;padding:10px;-webkit-transition: all 700ms ease;-moz-transition: all 700ms ease;-ms-transition: all 700ms ease;-o-transition: all 700ms ease;transition: all 700ms ease;\"  data-hover_box_shadow=\"none\"     data-bg=\"#545454\"  data-border_color=\"#545454\" ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-type=\"the7_shortcodes-inline-css\">.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-e39425e8e87835528d63baf414d2410d.enable-bg-rollover .rollover i,\n.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-e39425e8e87835528d63baf414d2410d.enable-bg-rollover .rollover-video i {\n  background: -webkit-linear-gradient();\n  background: linear-gradient();\n}\n.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-e39425e8e87835528d63baf414d2410d .rollover-icon {\n  font-size: 32px;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  min-width: 44px;\n  min-height: 44px;\n  line-height: 44px;\n  border-radius: 100px;\n  border-style: solid;\n  border-width: 0px;\n}\n.dt-icon-bg-on.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-e39425e8e87835528d63baf414d2410d .rollover-icon {\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);\n  box-shadow: none;\n}<\/style><div class=\"shortcode-single-image-wrap shortcode-single-image-e39425e8e87835528d63baf414d2410d alignnone  enable-bg-rollover dt-icon-bg-off\" style=\"margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; width:300px;\"><div class=\"shortcode-single-image\"><div class=\"fancy-media-wrap  layzr-bg\" style=\"\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"preload-me lazy-load aspect\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20300%20300&#39;%2F%3E\" data-src=\"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2016\/03\/Annabell-C.-Segarra.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2016\/03\/Annabell-C.-Segarra.jpg 300w\" loading=\"eager\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\"  data-dt-location=\"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/dt_team\/dr-annabell-c-segarra\/annabell-c-segarra\/\" style=\"--ratio: 300 \/ 300;\" alt=\"Dr. Annabell C. Segarra\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>[vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Contact Info<\/strong><\/span>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"uavc-list-icon uavc-list-icon-wrapper ult-adjust-bottom-margin   \"><ul class=\"uavc-list\"><li><div class=\"uavc-list-content\" id=\"list-icon-wrap-9804\">\n<div class=\"uavc-list-icon  \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\" style=\"margin-right:5px;\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper  \"><div class=\"align-icon\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"aio-icon none \"  style=\"color:#ffffff;font-size:32px;display:inline-block;\">\n\t<i class=\"icomoon-the7-font-the7-mail-03\"><\/i>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><span  data-ultimate-target='#list-icon-wrap-9804 .uavc-list-desc'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  class=\"uavc-list-desc ult-responsive\" style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/dt_team\/dr-carlos-a-jimenez-rivera\/carlos.jimenez8@upr.edu\">annabell.segarra@upr.edu<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div class=\"uavc-list-content\" id=\"list-icon-wrap-5548\">\n<div class=\"uavc-list-icon  \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\" style=\"margin-right:5px;\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper  \"><div class=\"align-icon\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"aio-icon none \"  style=\"color:#ffffff;font-size:32px;display:inline-block;\">\n\t<i class=\"icomoon-the7-font-the7-map-05\"><\/i>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><span  data-ultimate-target='#list-icon-wrap-5548 .uavc-list-desc'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  class=\"uavc-list-desc ult-responsive\" style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Offices A-665, A691 <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Lab A-689<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">School of Medicine<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"uavc-list-desc ult-responsive\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" data-ultimate-target=\"#list-icon-wrap-9185 .uavc-list-desc\" data-responsive-json-new=\"{&quot;font-size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;line-height&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">University of Puerto Rico<br \/>\nMedical Sciences Campus<br \/>\nP.O. Box 365067<br \/>\nSan Juan, PR 00936-5067<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div class=\"uavc-list-content\" id=\"list-icon-wrap-3408\">\n<div class=\"uavc-list-icon  \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\" style=\"margin-right:5px;\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper  \"><div class=\"align-icon\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"aio-icon none \"  style=\"color:#ffffff;font-size:32px;display:inline-block;\">\n\t<i class=\"icomoon-the7-font-the7-phone-071\"><\/i>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><span  data-ultimate-target='#list-icon-wrap-3408 .uavc-list-desc'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  class=\"uavc-list-desc ult-responsive\" style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">(787)758-2525 x 1614, 1965, 1644<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div>[vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Education<\/strong><\/span>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"standard-arrow list-divider bullet-top\"><ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">B.S. 1974, Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">M.S. 1977, Biology (Endocrinology), University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Ph.D. 1988, Biology, New York University, Wash Sq, NY, NY<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Postdoc 1989-91, Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, NY, NY<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243;]<div id=\"ultimate-heading-470669e7df7e68fec\" class=\"uvc-heading ult-adjust-bottom-margin ultimate-heading-470669e7df7e68fec uvc-6792  uvc-heading-default-font-sizes\" data-hspacer=\"no_spacer\"  data-halign=\"left\" style=\"text-align:left\"><div class=\"uvc-heading-spacer no_spacer\" style=\"top\"><\/div><div class=\"uvc-main-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-470669e7df7e68fec h3'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}' ><h3 style=\"font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:30px;\">RESEARCH INTEREST<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"uvc-sub-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-470669e7df7e68fec .uvc-sub-heading '  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"font-weight:normal;\">The research in Dr. Segarra\u2019s laboratory focuses on the interactions between sex steroids and glucocorticoids in modulating motivation, such as addictive behavior. The long-term goal of the laboratory is to elucidate the mechanisms by which alterations in brain neurochemistry and\/or synaptic connectivity result in dysfunctional motivational and reward circuitry. Since many of these motivated behaviors are sexually dimorphic, the experiments focus on the developmental window when this dimorphism is established, and the factors involved. Current research efforts are concentrated in studying the interactions between sex steroids, housing conditions, and exercise in modulating the behavioral response to cocaine. Researchers in her lab have found that rearing young rats in isolation increases anxiety and their behavioral response to drugs of abuse.\u00a0 We are currently exploring if exercise can mitigate these effects. By studying the interaction between limbic brain neurochemistry and sex steroids in normal and aberrant motivated behaviors, the laboratory can obtain physiologically relevant information that may contribute to elucidate the mechanisms involved in many psychiatric disorders and identify gender bias. A better understanding of the factors that lead to differential sensitivity to drugs of abuse is crucial for the development of pharmacotherapy that is equally effective in males and females.<\/div><\/div>[vc_empty_space]<div id=\"ultimate-heading-834869e7df7e6903f\" class=\"uvc-heading ult-adjust-bottom-margin ultimate-heading-834869e7df7e6903f uvc-2803  uvc-heading-default-font-sizes\" data-hspacer=\"no_spacer\"  data-halign=\"left\" style=\"text-align:left\"><div class=\"uvc-heading-spacer no_spacer\" style=\"top\"><\/div><div class=\"uvc-main-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-834869e7df7e6903f h3'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}' ><h3 style=\"font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:30px;\">PAST STUDENTS<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"uvc-sub-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-834869e7df7e6903f .uvc-sub-heading '  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><strong>Masters<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Wilfredo L\u00f3pez-Ojeda, M.S. 1996<\/p>\n<p>Jocelyn Montalvo, M.S. 1997<\/p>\n<p><strong>Doctor of Philosophy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Carlos Rivero, Ph.D. 2022<\/p>\n<p>Jaime Freire Arvelo, Ph.D. 2021<\/p>\n<p>Enrique P\u00e9rez Cardona, Ph.D. 2020<\/p>\n<p>Raissa Men\u00e9ndez Delmestre, Ph.D. 2011<\/p>\n<p>Natasha Lugo Escobar, Ph.D. 2010<\/p>\n<p>Anabel Puig Ramos, Ph.D. 2010<\/p>\n<p>Marcelo Febo, Ph.D. 2002<\/p>\n<p>Carlos Mej\u00edas Aponte, Ph.D. 2002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Postdoctoral fellows<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Joyce V\u00e9lez, PhD, Tech Support Scientist, Agilent Technologies, San Diego, CA<\/p>\n<p>Jos\u00e9 Agosto-Rivera, Associate Professor, Biology, UPR Rio Piedras, PR<\/div><\/div>[vc_empty_space]<div id=\"ultimate-heading-556769e7df7e69082\" class=\"uvc-heading ult-adjust-bottom-margin ultimate-heading-556769e7df7e69082 uvc-73  uvc-heading-default-font-sizes\" data-hspacer=\"no_spacer\"  data-halign=\"left\" style=\"text-align:left\"><div class=\"uvc-heading-spacer no_spacer\" style=\"top\"><\/div><div class=\"uvc-main-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-556769e7df7e69082 h3'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}' ><h3 style=\"font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:30px;\">CURRENT STUDENTS<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"uvc-sub-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-556769e7df7e69082 .uvc-sub-heading '  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><strong>Doctor of Philosophy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jaime Freire-Arvelo (2021-expected)<\/p>\n<p>Carlos Rivero (2022-expected)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Undergraduate students (of more than 150)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Patricia Roa, UPR, R\u00edo Piedras<\/p>\n<p>Arianna Rodriguez, UPR, Humacao<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>[vc_empty_space]<div id=\"ultimate-heading-729669e7df7e690c1\" class=\"uvc-heading ult-adjust-bottom-margin ultimate-heading-729669e7df7e690c1 uvc-8720  uvc-heading-default-font-sizes\" data-hspacer=\"no_spacer\"  data-halign=\"left\" style=\"text-align:left\"><div class=\"uvc-heading-spacer no_spacer\" style=\"top\"><\/div><div class=\"uvc-main-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-729669e7df7e690c1 h3'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}' ><h3 style=\"font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:30px;\">COLLABORATORS<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"uvc-sub-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-729669e7df7e690c1 .uvc-sub-heading '  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><strong>UPR, MSC, School of Medicine<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Departmentt of Physiology<\/u><strong>:\u00a0<\/strong>Carlos A Jim\u00e9nez-Rivera, PhD, Carlos A Torres, PhD<\/li>\n<li><u>Departmentt of Anatomy<\/u><strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0Mark Miller, PhD<\/li>\n<li><u>Deptartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation<\/u><strong>:\u00a0<\/strong>Walter Frontera, MD<\/li>\n<li><u>Department of Internal Medicine<\/u><strong>:\u00a0<\/strong>Yohana de Jes\u00fas, MD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>UPR, MSC, School of Public Health<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Department of Environmental Health<\/u><strong>:\u00a0<\/strong>Lida Orta, PhD<\/li>\n<li><u>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology<\/u><strong>:\u00a0<\/strong>Cruz Mar\u00eda Nazario, PhD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>UPR, RRP, Natural Sciences<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Department of Biology<\/u><strong>:\u00a0<\/strong>Tugrul Giray, PhD, Jos\u00e9 L Agosto, PhD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile:\u00a0<\/strong>Katia Gysling, PhD<\/div><\/div>[vc_empty_space]<div id=\"ultimate-heading-963369e7df7e690fe\" class=\"uvc-heading ult-adjust-bottom-margin ultimate-heading-963369e7df7e690fe uvc-8158  uvc-heading-default-font-sizes\" data-hspacer=\"no_spacer\"  data-halign=\"left\" style=\"text-align:left\"><div class=\"uvc-heading-spacer no_spacer\" style=\"top\"><\/div><div class=\"uvc-main-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-963369e7df7e690fe h3'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}' ><h3 style=\"font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:30px;\">GRANTS<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"uvc-sub-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-963369e7df7e690fe .uvc-sub-heading '  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"font-weight:normal;\">10\/01\/15 \u2013 09\/31\/23 <em>Partnership for International Development (PIRE)<\/em> NSF-OISE 1545803 PD Dr. Mark Miller (700,000\/yr). Annabell C Segarra Co-PI Subproject 2: <em>Modulation of dopaminergic signaling by stress and sex steroids in adolescent rats<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>03\/01\/2021 &#8211; 02\/28\/2023 Co-PI, with Drs. Yohana de Jes\u00fas, Jos\u00e9 Agosto and Annabell C Segarra. The ALLLIANCE of UPR MSC-NIH funded translational pilot projects.\u00a0 <em>Night-float rotation alters sleep\/wake cycles and circadian rhythms of UPR physician residents: Modulation by chronotypes. <\/em><\/div><\/div>[vc_empty_space]<div id=\"ultimate-heading-590369e7df7e69143\" class=\"uvc-heading ult-adjust-bottom-margin ultimate-heading-590369e7df7e69143 uvc-3824  uvc-heading-default-font-sizes\" data-hspacer=\"no_spacer\"  data-halign=\"left\" style=\"text-align:left\"><div class=\"uvc-heading-spacer no_spacer\" style=\"top\"><\/div><div class=\"uvc-main-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-590369e7df7e69143 h3'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}' ><h3 style=\"font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:30px;\">PUBLICATIONS<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"uvc-sub-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-590369e7df7e69143 .uvc-sub-heading '  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Novoa J, Rivero CJ, P\u00e9rez-Cardona EU, Freire-Arvelo JA, Zeger J, Yarur HE, Santiago-Marrero, IG, Agosto-Rivera, JL, Gonz\u00e1lez-P\u00e9rez, JL, Gysling K and\u00a0<strong>AC Segarra.\u00a0<\/strong>Social isolation of adolescent male rats increases anxiety and K<sup>+<\/sup>-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens: Role of CRF-R1. Eur Journal of Neuroscience (2021): 54:4888-4905.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>L\u00f3pez OV, Gorantla S,\u00a0<strong>Segarra AC<\/strong>, Andino Norat MC, \u00c1lvarez M, Skolasky RL, Mel\u00e9ndez LM.\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30306495\">Sigma-1 Receptor Antagonist (BD1047) Decreases Cathepsin B Secretion in HIV-Infected Macrophages Exposed to Cocaine.<\/a>\u00a0J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2019 Jun;14(2):226-240. doi: 10.1007\/s11481-018-9807-4.<\/li>\n<li>Zen\u00f3n F, Jorge I, Cruz A, Su\u00e1rez E,<strong>\u00a0Segarra AC<\/strong>, V\u00e1zquez J, Mel\u00e9ndez LM, Serrano H.\u00a0 2016.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26255783\/\">18O proteomics reveal increased human apolipoprotein CIII in Hispanic HIV-1+ women with HAART that use cocaine.<\/a>\u00a0 Proteomics Clin Appl. 2016 Feb;10(2):144-55.<\/li>\n<li>Mosquera L, Shepherd L, Torrado AI, Torres-Diaz YM, Miranda JD,\u00a0<strong>Segarra AC<\/strong>\u00a0 2015.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26962471\">Comparison of Two Methods of Estradiol Replacement: their Physiological and Behavioral Outcomes.<\/a>\u00a0 J Vet Sci Technol. Nov 30; 6(6):276.<\/li>\n<li>Ferchmin PA, Andino M, Reyes Salaman R, Alves J, Velez-Roman J, Cuadrado B, Carrasco M, Torres-Rivera W,\u00a0<strong>Segarra A<\/strong>, Martins AH, Lee JE, Eterovic VA.\u00a0 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24928201\">4R-cembranoid protects against diisopropylfluorophosphate-mediated neurodegeneration.<\/a>\u00a0Neurotoxicology. 44:80-90. PMID: 24928201<\/li>\n<li>Zen\u00f3n F,\u00a0<strong>Segarra AC<\/strong>, Gonzalez M, Mel\u00e9ndez LM. 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25209871\">Cocaine potentiates cathepsin B secretion and neuronal apoptosis from HIV-infected macrophages.<\/a>\u00a0J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 9(5):703-15. PMID: 25209871<\/li>\n<li>Mosquera L, Col\u00f3n JM, Santiago JM, Torrado AI, Mel\u00e9ndez M,\u00a0<strong>Segarra AC<\/strong>, Rodr\u00edguez-Orengo JF, Miranda JD. 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24637260\">Tamoxifen and estradiol improved locomotor function and increased spared tissue in rats after spinal cord injury: their antioxidant effect and role of estrogen receptor alpha.<\/a>\u00a0Brain Res.1561:11-22.PMID: 24637260<\/li>\n<li><strong>Segarra AC<\/strong>, Torres-D\u00edaz YM, Silva RD, Puig-Ramos A, Men\u00e9ndez-Delmestre R, Rivera-Berm\u00fadez JG, Amadeo W, Agosto-Rivera JL. 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24355096\">Estrogen receptors mediate estradiol\u2019s effect on sensitization and CPP to cocaine in female rats: role of contextual cues.<\/a>\u00a0Horm Behav. 65(2):77-87. PMID: 24355096<\/li>\n<li>Men\u00e9ndez-Delmestre R,\u00a0<strong>Segarra AC<\/strong>. 2011,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20932851\"><u>Testosterone is essential for cocaine sensitization in male rats.<\/u><\/a>\u00a0Physiol Behav 102(1):96-104. PMID: 20932851<\/li>\n<li>Febo M,\u00a0<strong>Segarra AC<\/strong>, Stolberg TL, Ferris CF. 2011.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21048520\"><u>BOLD signal response to cocaine varies with sexual receptivity in female rats.<\/u><\/a>\u00a0Neuroreport. 2011 Jan 5;22(1):19-22. PMID: 21048520<\/li>\n<li><strong>Segarra,AC<\/strong>, Agosto-Rivera,JL, Febo,M, Lugo-Escobar,N, Menendez-Delmestre,R, Puig-Ramos,A. and YM Torres-Diaz\u00a0 2010. Estradiol: A key biological substrate mediating the response to cocaine in female rats. In press \u2013 Horm Behav 58(1):33-43. PMID: 20026119<\/li>\n<li>Puig-Ramos, A, Santiago, GS and\u00a0<strong>AC Segarra<\/strong>\u00a0 2008.\u00a0 U-59693, a kappa opioid receptor agonist, blocks cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in female rats.\u00a0 Behav. Neurosci. 122(1): 151-160. PMID: 18298258.<\/li>\n<li>Cruz-Orengo, L., Figueroa, JD, Velazquez, I. Torrado, A, Ortiz, C, Hernandez, C, Puig, A,\u00a0<strong>Segarra, AC<\/strong>, Whittemore, SR and JD Miranda 2006. Blocking EphA4 upregulation after spinal cord injury results in enhanced chronic pain. Exp. Neurol. 202(2): 421-433. PMID: 16959251<\/li>\n<li>Febo, M,\u00a0<strong>AC Segarra\u00a0<\/strong>G Nair, K Schmidt, TQ Duong and CF Ferris 2005. The Neural Consequences of Repeated Cocaine Exposure Revealed By Functional MRI in Awake Rats. Neuropsychopharmacol. 30(5):936-943. PMID: 15637636<\/li>\n<li>Febo, M, CF Ferris, and\u00a0<strong>AC Segarra<\/strong>. 2005. Estrogen influences cocaine-induced blood oxygen level-dependent signal changes in female rats. J Neurosci. 25(5):1132-1136. PMID: 15689549<\/li>\n<li>Febo, M,\u00a0<strong>AC Segarra<\/strong>, JR Tenney, MA Brevard, TQ Duong and CF Ferris 2004. Imaging cocaine-induced changes in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system of conscious rats. J. Neurosci. Methods 139(2): 167-176. PMID: 15488229<\/li>\n<li>Febo, M. and\u00a0<strong>AC Segarra<\/strong>. 2004. Cocaine alters GABA B-mediated G-protein activation in the ventral tegmental area of female rats: Modulation by estrogen. Synapse 54:30-36. PMID: 15300882<\/li>\n<li><strong>Segarra, AC\u00a0<\/strong>and SJ Lee 2004. Neuroprotective effects of estrogen. In:\u00a0<em>Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine<\/em>. Ed: M Legato, Ch. 11, pp 96-103; Elsevier Science, San Diego, CA.<\/li>\n<li>Febo, M, LA Gonz\u00e1lez-Rodriguez, DE Cap\u00f3 Ramos, NY Gonz\u00e1lez-Segarra and\u00a0<strong>AC Segarra\u00a0<\/strong>2003. Estrogen dependent alterations in D2\/D3 induced G protein activation in cocaine-sensitized female rats. J Neurochem. 86 405-412. PMID: 12871581<\/li>\n<li>Mej\u00edas, CA, CA Jim\u00e9nez and\u00a0<strong>AC Segarra\u00a0<\/strong>2002. Sex differences in models of temporal lobe epilepsy: Role of testosterone. Brain Res. 944 (1-2):210-218. PMID: 12106683<\/li>\n<li>Febo, M. CA Jim\u00e9nez and\u00a0<strong>AC Segarra\u00a0<\/strong>2002. Estrogen and opioids interact to modulate the locomotor response to cocaine. Brain Res. 943(1):151-161. PMID: 12088849<\/li>\n<li>Torres,G, V Garc\u00eda, E S\u00e1nchez,\u00a0<strong>A Segarra,\u00a0<\/strong>BK Patterson and LM Mel\u00e9ndez-Guerrero 2001. Expression of the HIV-1 Coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4 on placental macrophages and the effect of IL-10 on their expression. Placenta Vol. 22 Supp A: Trophoblast Res. Vol. 5: S29-S33.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Segarra, AC<\/strong>, A Acosta, JL Gonz\u00e1lez, JA Angulo and BS McEwen 1998. Sex differences in estrogenic regulation of preproenkephalin mRNA levels in the POA of peripubertal rats. Mol Brain Res, 60(1): 133-139. PMID: 9748541<\/li>\n<li><strong>Segarra, AC\u00a0<\/strong>1993. Prenatal Drugs: Effects on sexually dimorphic neuroanatomical and behavioral traits. In: Alcohol and the Endocrine System (Ed. S. Zakhari). National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Research Monograph \u2013 23, Ch. 10, pp 205-222.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Segarra, AC\u00a0<\/strong>and BS McEwen 1992. Drug Effects on Sexual Differentiation of the Brain: Role of Stress and Hormones in Drug Actions. In: Maternal Substance Abuse and the Developing Nervous System (Eds: I.S. Zagan and T.A. Slotkin); Ch. 13 pp 323-367; Academic Press, Inc, New York.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Segarra, AC<\/strong>, VN Luine and FL Strand 1991. Sexual behavior of male rats is differentially affected by timing of perinatal ACTH administration. Physiol. Behav. 50:689-697. PMID: 1663626<\/li>\n<li>McEwen, BS, H Coirini, A Danielsson, M Frankfurt, E Gould, S Mendelson, M Schumacher\u00a0<strong>A Segarra\u00a0<\/strong>and C Wooley 1991. Steroid and thyroid hormones modulate a changing brain. J. Ster. Biochem. Molec. Biol. 40:1-14. PMID: 1958513<\/li>\n<li><strong>Segarra, AC\u00a0<\/strong>and BS McEwen 1991. Estrogen increases spine density in ventromedial hypothalamic neurons of peripubertal rats. Neuroendocrinol. 54:365-372.<\/li>\n<li>Strand,FL,\u00a0<strong>AC Segarra<\/strong>, LA Zuccarelli, J Kume and KJ Rose 1990. Neuropeptides as growth regulating factors. In: A Decade of Neuropeptides, Eds: G.F.Koob, C.A.Sandman and F.L.Strand NYAS, 579 pp.68-90. PMID: 2159746<\/li>\n<li>Strand,FL, KJ Rose, JA King,\u00a0<strong>AC Segarra\u00a0<\/strong>and LA Zuccarelli 1989. ACTH modulation of nerve development and regeneration. Prog. Neurobiol.33:45-85.<\/li>\n<li>Strand,FL,\u00a0<strong>AC Segarra<\/strong>, LA Zuccarelli, J Kume and KJ Rose 1989. Neuropeptides: Fail-safe, redundant or special? In: Neuroendocrinology: New Frontiers. Eds.: D.Gupta, H.A.Wollman and M.B.Ranke. Brain Research Promotion, London.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Segarra, AC\u00a0<\/strong>and FL Strand 1989. Perinatal administration of nicotine alters subsequent sexual behavior and testosterone levels of male rats. Brain Res. 480:151-159. 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