{"id":913,"date":"2016-03-09T15:26:49","date_gmt":"2016-03-09T15:26:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/?post_type=dt_team&#038;p=913"},"modified":"2023-07-21T09:51:14","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T13:51:14","slug":"dr-walter-frontera","status":"publish","type":"dt_team","link":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/dt_team\/dr-walter-frontera\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr. Walter Frontera"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<div id=\"ultimate-heading-87869e7df7e30d7e\" class=\"uvc-heading ult-adjust-bottom-margin ultimate-heading-87869e7df7e30d7e uvc-7657 accent-subtitle-color\" data-hspacer=\"no_spacer\"  data-halign=\"left\" style=\"text-align:left\"><div class=\"uvc-heading-spacer no_spacer\" style=\"top\"><\/div><div class=\"uvc-main-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-87869e7df7e30d7e h2'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;mobile_landscape:34px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:40px;mobile_landscape:44px;\"}' ><h2 style=\"font-weight:bold;color:#0a0a0a;margin-bottom:10px;\">Dr. Walter Frontera<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"uvc-sub-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-87869e7df7e30d7e .uvc-sub-heading '  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:18px;mobile_landscape:20px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:34px;mobile_landscape:30px;\"}'  style=\"font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:30px;\">Professor<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row_content&#8221; bg_type=&#8221;bg_color&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;]<div class=\"ult-content-box-container \" >\t\t<div class=\"ult-content-box\" style=\"background-color:#545454;box-shadow: px px px px none;border-style:solid;border-width:5px;border-radius:5px;border-color:#545454;padding:10px;-webkit-transition: all 700ms ease;-moz-transition: all 700ms ease;-ms-transition: all 700ms ease;-o-transition: all 700ms ease;transition: all 700ms ease;\"  data-hover_box_shadow=\"none\"     data-bg=\"#545454\"  data-border_color=\"#545454\" ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-type=\"the7_shortcodes-inline-css\">.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-55faaf1c4a2f388862f8cd2c007baf59.enable-bg-rollover .rollover i,\n.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-55faaf1c4a2f388862f8cd2c007baf59.enable-bg-rollover .rollover-video i {\n  background: -webkit-linear-gradient();\n  background: linear-gradient();\n}\n.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-55faaf1c4a2f388862f8cd2c007baf59 .rollover-icon {\n  font-size: 32px;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  min-width: 44px;\n  min-height: 44px;\n  line-height: 44px;\n  border-radius: 100px;\n  border-style: solid;\n  border-width: 0px;\n}\n.dt-icon-bg-on.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-55faaf1c4a2f388862f8cd2c007baf59 .rollover-icon {\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);\n  box-shadow: none;\n}<\/style><div class=\"shortcode-single-image-wrap shortcode-single-image-55faaf1c4a2f388862f8cd2c007baf59 alignnone  enable-bg-rollover dt-icon-bg-off\" style=\"margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; width:300px;\"><div class=\"shortcode-single-image\"><div class=\"fancy-media-wrap  layzr-bg\" style=\"\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"preload-me lazy-load aspect\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20300%20300&#39;%2F%3E\" data-src=\"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2016\/03\/Walter-Frontera.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2016\/03\/Walter-Frontera.jpg 300w\" loading=\"eager\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\"  data-dt-location=\"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/dt_team\/dr-jorge-d-miranda\/walter-frontera\/\" style=\"--ratio: 300 \/ 300;\" alt=\"Dr. Walter Frontera\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>[vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Contact Info<\/strong><\/span>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"uavc-list-icon uavc-list-icon-wrapper ult-adjust-bottom-margin   \"><ul class=\"uavc-list\"><li><div class=\"uavc-list-content\" id=\"list-icon-wrap-7227\">\n<div class=\"uavc-list-icon  \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\" style=\"margin-right:5px;\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper  \"><div class=\"align-icon\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"aio-icon none \"  style=\"color:#ffffff;font-size:32px;display:inline-block;\">\n\t<i class=\"icomoon-the7-font-the7-mail-03\"><\/i>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><span  data-ultimate-target='#list-icon-wrap-7227 .uavc-list-desc'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  class=\"uavc-list-desc ult-responsive\" style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"mailto:walter.frontera@upr.edu\">walter.frontera@upr.edu<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div class=\"uavc-list-content\" id=\"list-icon-wrap-4067\">\n<div class=\"uavc-list-icon  \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\" style=\"margin-right:5px;\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper  \"><div class=\"align-icon\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"aio-icon none \"  style=\"color:#ffffff;font-size:32px;display:inline-block;\">\n\t<i class=\"icomoon-the7-font-the7-map-05\"><\/i>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><span  data-ultimate-target='#list-icon-wrap-4067 .uavc-list-desc'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  class=\"uavc-list-desc ult-responsive\" style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Office A-692, Lab A-658<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">School of Medicine<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">University of Puerto Rico<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Medical Sciences Campus<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">P.O. Box 365067<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">San Juan, PR 00936-5067<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div class=\"uavc-list-content\" id=\"list-icon-wrap-5714\">\n<div class=\"uavc-list-icon  \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\" style=\"margin-right:5px;\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper  \"><div class=\"align-icon\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"aio-icon none \"  style=\"color:#ffffff;font-size:32px;display:inline-block;\">\n\t<i class=\"icomoon-the7-font-the7-phone-071\"><\/i>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><span  data-ultimate-target='#list-icon-wrap-5714 .uavc-list-desc'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  class=\"uavc-list-desc ult-responsive\" style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">(787) 758-2525 ext. 2133, 1392<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div>[vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Education<\/strong><\/span>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"standard-arrow list-divider bullet-top\"><ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">B.S. 1975, Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">M.D. 1979, Medicine, University of PR, School of Medicine, San Juan, PR<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Postdoc 1979-80, Flexible Internship, University Hospital, UPR, School of Medicine, San Juan, PR<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Postdoc 1980-83, Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation, University Hospital, UPR, School of Medicine, San Juan, PR<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Ph.D. 1986, Applied (Exercise) Physiology, Boston University , Boston, MA<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243;]<div id=\"ultimate-heading-278769e7df7e36027\" class=\"uvc-heading ult-adjust-bottom-margin ultimate-heading-278769e7df7e36027 uvc-4695  uvc-heading-default-font-sizes\" data-hspacer=\"no_spacer\"  data-halign=\"left\" style=\"text-align:left\"><div class=\"uvc-heading-spacer no_spacer\" style=\"top\"><\/div><div class=\"uvc-main-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-278769e7df7e36027 h3'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}' ><h3 style=\"font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:30px;\">RESEARCH<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"uvc-sub-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-278769e7df7e36027 .uvc-sub-heading '  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"font-weight:normal;\">We are interested in understanding the effect of various conditions or illnesses on the mechanical and physiological properties of single permeabilized skeletal muscle fibers. Specifically, we have studied the age-related alterations in those properties as well as the changes in muscle after injury to the spinal cord. Aging is associated with loss and dysfunction of skeletal muscle that is manifested at the level of single muscle fibers with a loss of muscle fiber size, maximal force, and specific force (muscle fiber quality). These changes translate into in vivo functional limitations that may be amenable to therapeutic interventions. Similarly, injury to the spinal cord is accompanied by a reduction in muscle fiber force and size and we are testing the possible beneficial effects of estrogen-based neuroprotection and potential to accelerate recovery of muscle function after medullary contusion.<\/div><\/div>[vc_empty_space]<div id=\"ultimate-heading-478069e7df7e36089\" class=\"uvc-heading ult-adjust-bottom-margin ultimate-heading-478069e7df7e36089 uvc-3495  uvc-heading-default-font-sizes\" data-hspacer=\"no_spacer\"  data-halign=\"left\" style=\"text-align:left\"><div class=\"uvc-heading-spacer no_spacer\" style=\"top\"><\/div><div class=\"uvc-main-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-478069e7df7e36089 h3'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}' ><h3 style=\"font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:30px;\">GRANTS<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"uvc-sub-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-478069e7df7e36089 .uvc-sub-heading '  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"font-weight:normal;\">RO1 AG046149-07A1, NIH\/NIA<br \/>\n07\/01\/2020 to 06\/30\/2025<br \/>\nBuilding community Capacity for Disability Prevention for Minority Elders<\/p>\n<p>2S21MD001830-04, NIH\/NIMHD<br \/>\n08\/01\/2017-04\/30\/2026<br \/>\nHispanics in Research Capability, School of Health Professions and School of Medicine Partnership (HIREC)<\/p>\n<p>SC1GM144032-01, NIGMS\/NIH<br \/>\n05\/01\/2022-04\/30\/2026<br \/>\nEffects of Tamoxifen in Skeletal Muscle Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury and Mechanisms Activated by<\/div><\/div>[vc_empty_space]<div id=\"ultimate-heading-117569e7df7e360d3\" class=\"uvc-heading ult-adjust-bottom-margin ultimate-heading-117569e7df7e360d3 uvc-5656  uvc-heading-default-font-sizes\" data-hspacer=\"no_spacer\"  data-halign=\"left\" style=\"text-align:left\"><div class=\"uvc-heading-spacer no_spacer\" style=\"top\"><\/div><div class=\"uvc-main-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-117569e7df7e360d3 h3'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}' ><h3 style=\"font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:30px;\">SELECTED PUBLICATIONS<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"uvc-sub-heading ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-117569e7df7e360d3 .uvc-sub-heading '  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 <span lang=\"en-US\">Flores L,\u00a0<b>Frontera WR<i>,<\/i><\/b>\u00a0Andrasik MP, del R\u00edo C, Mondriguez A, Price SA, Krantz EM,\u00a0Pergan S, Silver J. Assessment of the inclusion of racial\/ethnic minority, female,\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-US\">and older individuals in vaccine clinical trials.\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"es\">JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4(2): e2037640 (PMID: 33606033)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Gamboa JL, Roshanravan B, Townsend T, Keller CE, Falck A, Nian H, Yu C, Damon B,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Brown NJ, Alp Ikizler T. Mitochondrial dysfunction precedes initiation of maintenance hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Amer Soc Nephrol 2020; 15:926-936 (PMID: 32591419)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Lim J-Y, SeungJun C, Widrick, JJ, Phillips EM,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>. Passive force and viscoelastic properties single fibers in human aging muscles. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:2339-2348. (PMID: 31468173)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Lee G, Lim J-Y,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>. Apoptosis in young and old denervated rat skeletal muscle. Muscle &amp; Nerve 2017; 55:262-269. (PMID: 27312511)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Rodr\u00edguez-Reyes N, Rodr\u00edguez-Zayas A, Javadov S,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>. Single muscle fiber contractile<\/p>\n<p>properties in diabetic rat muscle. Muscle &amp; Nerve 2016; 53:958-964. (PMID: 26598963)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Makimura H, Stanley TL, Suresh C, DeSousa-Coelho AL,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Syu S, Braun L, Looby SE, Feldpausch MN, Torriani M, Lee H, Clish C, Patti ME, Grinspoon SK. Metabolic effects of long-term reduction in free fatty acids with acipimox in obesity: a randomized trial. J Clin Endo Met 2016; 101:1123-1133. (PMID: 26691888)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Javadov S, Jang S, Rodriguez-Reyes N, Rodriguez-Zayas A, Soto J, Krainz T, Wipf P,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants preserves contractile properties and mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle in aged rats. Oncotarget (Aging) 2015; Sep 22 [Epub ahead of print] (PMID: 26415224)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Hamarneh SR, Murphy CA, Shih CW,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Torriani M, Hodin R, Irazoqui JE, Makimura H. Relationship between Serum IGF-I and Skeletal Muscle IGF-I mRNA Expression to Phosphocreatine Recovery after exercise in Obese Men with Reduced GH. J Clin Endo Met 2015; 100:617-625. (PMID:25375982)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Reid KF, Pasha E, Doros G, Clark DJ, Patten C, Phillips EM, Widrick J,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Fielding RA. Longitudinal decline of lower extremity muscle power in healthy and mobility-limited older adults: influence of muscle mass, strength, composition, neuromuscular activation and single fiber contractile properties. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:29-39 (PMID:24122149)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Ochala J. Skeletal muscle: a brief review of structure and function. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 96:183-195 (PMID: 25294644).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Choi SJ, Lim JY, Nibaldi EG, Phillips EM,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Fielding RA, Widrick JJ. Eccentric contraction induced injury to skinned muscle fibers of elderly adults. AGE 2012; 34:215-226. (PMID:21431924).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Krivickas LS, Dorer DJ, Ochala J,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>. Relationship between force and size in human single muscle fibers. Exp Physiol 2011; 96.5:539-547.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Bean JF, Kiely DK, LaRose S, O\u2019Neill E, Goldstein R,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>. Increased velocity exercise specific to task (InVEST) training vs. the National Institute on Aging\u2019s (NIA) strength training program: changes in limb power and mobility. J Gerontol A Med Sci 2009; 64A:983-991. (PMID: 19414509; PMC2720885)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Reid KF, Phillips EM, Krivickas LS, Hughes VA, Roubenoff R, Fielding RA. Muscle fiber size and function in elderly humans: a longitudinal study. J Appl Physiol 2008;105:637-642. (PMC2519941)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Fleischman A, Johnsen S, Systrom DM, Hrovat M, Farrar C,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Fitch K, Thomas BJ, Torriani M, C\u00f4t\u00e9 HCF, Grinspoon SK. Effects of a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, stavudine, on glucose disposal and mitochondrial function in muscle of healthy adults. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292:E1666-E1673. PMCID: PMC3206591<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Ochala J, Dorer D,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Krivickas LS. Single skeletal muscle fiber behavior after a quick stretch in young and older men: a possible explanation of the relative preservation of eccentric force in old age. Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv Europ J Physiol 2006; 452:464-470 (PMID:16622703).<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Choi H, Krishnan G, Krivickas LS, Sabharwal S, Teng, YD. Single muscle fiber size and contractility after spinal cord injury in rats. Muscle Nerve 2006; 34:101-104 (PMID:16518854).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Dolan SE,<strong>\u00a0Frontera WR<\/strong>, Librizzi J, Ljunquist K, Juan S, Dorman R, Cole M, Kanter JR, Grinspoon S. The Effects of a Supervised Home-Based Aerobic and Progressive Resistance Training Regimen in Women infected with human immunodeficiency virus: A Randomized Trial. Arch Int Med 2006; 166:1225-1231 (PMID: 16772251).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Teng, YD, Choi H, Huang W, Onario RC,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Snyder EY, Sabharwal S. Therapeutic effects of clenbuterol in a murine model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroscience Letters 2006; 397:155-158 (PMID:16388902).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Choi H, Liao WL, Newton KM, Onario RC, King AM, Desilets FC, Woodard EJ, Eichler ME,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Sabharwal S, Teng YD. Respiratory abnormalities resulting from mid-cervical spinal cord injury and their reversal by serotonin 1A agonists in conscious rats. J. Neurosci 2005; 25:4550-4559 (PMID:15872102).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Cai D, Frantz JD, Tawa NE, Jr., Melendez PA, Oh B-C, Lidov HGW, Hasselgren PO,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Lee J, Glass DJ, Shoelson SE. IKK\u03b2\/NF-\u03baB activation causes severe muscle wasting in mice. Cell 2004; 119:285-298 (PMID:15479644).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Hughes VA, Roubenoff R, Wood M,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Evans WJ, Fiatarone Singh, MA. Anthropometric assessment of 10-y changes in body composition in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:475-482 (PMID:15277173).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Hughes VA, Krivickas L, Kim SK, Foldvari M, Roubenoff R. Strength training in older women: early and late changes in whole muscle and single cells. Muscle &amp; Nerve. 2003; 27:601-608 (PMID:14571463).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Hughes VA,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Wood M, Evans WJ, Dallal GE, Roubenoff R, Fiatarone M. Longitudinal muscle strength changes in older adults: influence of muscle mass, physical activity and health. J Gerontol (Biol Sci) 2001; 56A:B209-17 (PMID:11320101).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Fairfield WP, Treat M, Rosenthal D,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Stanley T, Corcoran C, Costello M, Parlman K, Schoenfeld D, Klibanski A, Grinspoon S. Effects of testosterone and exercise on muscle leanness in eugonadal men with AIDS wasting. J Appl Physiol 2001; 90:2166-71.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Krivickas L, Suh D, Wilkins J, Hughes VA, Roubenoff R,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>. Age and sex related differences in maximum shortening velocity of skeletal muscle fibers. Am J PhysMed Rehabil 2001; 80:447-55 (PMID:11399006).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Hughes VA, Fielding RA, Fiatarone MA, Evans WJ, Roubenoff R. Aging of skeletal muscle: a 12 yr longitudinal study. J Appl Physiol 2000; 88:1321-6 (PMID: 10749826).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Krivickas L, Suh D, Hughes VA, Goldstein R, Roubenoff R. Skeletal muscle fiber quality in older men and women. Am J Physiol 2000; 279:C611-8 (PMID:10942711).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Larsson L, Li X,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>. Effects of ageing on shortening velocity and myosin isoform composition in single skeletal muscle cells from man. Am J Physiol (Cell Physiol) 1997;272:C638-49 (PMID:9124308).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Larsson L, Li X, Berg HE,\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>. Effects of removal of weight-bearing function on contractility and myosin isoform composition in single human skeletal muscle cells. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch. (Europ J Physiol) 1996; 432:320-8 (PMID:8662283).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Meredith CN, O\u2019Reilly KP, Evans WJ. Strength training and determinants of VO2 in older men. J Appl Physiol 1990; 68:329-33 (PMID:2312474).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0<strong>Frontera WR<\/strong>, Meredith CN, O\u2019Reilly KP, Knuttgen HG, Evans WJ. Strength conditioning in older men: skeletal muscle function and mass. J Appl Physiol 1988; 64:1038-44 (PMID:3366726).<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row_content&#8221; bg_type=&#8221;bg_color&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243;][vc_empty_space][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1420,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","dt_team_category":[27],"class_list":["post-913","dt_team","type-dt_team","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","dt_team_category-adjunct-appointments","dt_team_category-27","description-off"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dt_team\/913","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dt_team"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/dt_team"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=913"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1420"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=913"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"dt_team_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/md.rcm.upr.edu\/physiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dt_team_category?post=913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}